{"id":754,"date":"2020-02-12T12:56:01","date_gmt":"2020-02-12T12:56:01","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.dychame.sk\/?p=754"},"modified":"2020-02-20T13:12:59","modified_gmt":"2020-02-20T13:12:59","slug":"zaluzie-maju-nazov-po-ziarlivcoch-rolety-pouzivali-aj-chudobni-ako-sa-nasi-predkovia-chranili-pred-slnkom-ci-zvedavcami","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.dychame.sk\/?p=754","title":{"rendered":"\u017dal\u00fazie maj\u00fa n\u00e1zov po \u017eiarlivcoch, rolety pou\u017e\u00edvali aj chudobn\u00ed. Ako sa na\u0161i predkovia chr\u00e1nili pred slnkom \u010di zvedavcami?"},"content":{"rendered":"

V\u00a0zime zais\u0165uje potrebn\u00e9 s\u00fakromie, pom\u00e1ha v\u0161ak aj lep\u0161ie izolova\u0165 pl\u00e1\u0161\u0165 domu. V\u00a0lete potom br\u00e1ni slne\u010dn\u00fdm l\u00fa\u010dom a\u00a0teplu, aby prenikli do interi\u00e9ru. Tieniaca technika v\u00a0podobe \u017eal\u00fazi\u00ed a\u00a0roliet nie je v\u00fddobytkom s\u00fa\u010dasnosti. \u013dudia sa sna\u017eili okn\u00e1 zatieni\u0165 pred slnkom u\u017e odprad\u00e1vna. \u010co pou\u017e\u00edvali star\u00ed Egyp\u0165ania? Pre\u010do sa \u017eal\u00fazie volaj\u00fa \u017eal\u00fazie? Nahliadnite s nami do hist\u00f3rie tieniacej techniky, ktor\u00e1 m\u00e1 tis\u00edce rokov.<\/strong><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/a><\/p>\n

Prv\u00e9 z\u00e1vesy vznikli pred \u0161iestimi tis\u00edcami rokov<\/strong><\/p>\n

S ostr\u00fdmi slne\u010dn\u00fdmi l\u00fa\u010dmi nebojujeme len v s\u00fa\u010dasnosti. Ochr\u00e1ni\u0165 sa pred slnkom potrebovali u\u017e \u013eudia v neolite, ke\u010f zakr\u00fdvali vchod do jaskyne zvieracou ko\u017eou. Prv\u00e9 zmienky o tienidl\u00e1ch, z ktor\u00fdch sa vyvinula dne\u0161n\u00e1 tieniaca technika, sa v\u0161ak datuj\u00fa a\u017e do 4. tis\u00edcro\u010dia p. n. l. U\u017e vtedy si star\u00ed Egyp\u0165ania potrpeli na \u0161t\u00fdlov\u00fa dekor\u00e1ciu aj funk\u010dnos\u0165. Ich okn\u00e1 a otvory medzi st\u013apmi zatie\u0148ovali tkan\u00e9 textiln\u00e9 z\u00e1vesy s tradi\u010dn\u00fdmi ornament\u00e1lnymi vzormi, ktor\u00e9 v priestore vo\u013ene spl\u00fdvali. Skuto\u010dne dekorat\u00edvny charakter mali z\u00e1vesy v starovekom Gr\u00e9cku. Tam sa toti\u017e prv\u00fdkr\u00e1t objavili takzvan\u00e9 pelmety, l\u00e1tkov\u00e9 ozdoby nad oknami, ktor\u00e9 sp\u00e1jali z\u00e1vesy na bo\u010dn\u00fdch stran\u00e1ch. Starogr\u00e9cke z\u00e1vesy boli skladan\u00e9 a zdoben\u00e9 jednoduch\u00fdm vzorom, spodn\u00fd lem mal tradi\u010dn\u00e9 pravouhl\u00e9 geometrick\u00e9 tvary, ktor\u00e9 sa pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa aj dnes. Aj starovek\u00fd R\u00edm priniesol novinky. Na \u00fazem\u00ed r\u00ed\u0161e sa za\u010dalo pou\u017e\u00edva\u0165 strapkanie a strapce na koncoch z\u00e1vesov alebo girlandov\u00e9 pelmety. Zo vzorov bol najpopul\u00e1rnej\u0161\u00ed kvetinov\u00fd mot\u00edv.<\/p>\n

Romantizmus kladie d\u00f4raz na funk\u010dnos\u0165, barok na pomp\u00e9znos\u0165<\/strong><\/p>\n

Aj \u010fal\u0161ie historick\u00e9 obdobia dali tieniacej technike nov\u00fa tv\u00e1r. Na jej podobe aj funk\u010dnosti sa v\u017edy odrazilo to, \u010do bolo pr\u00e1ve modern\u00e9. V rom\u00e1nskom obdob\u00ed bola vytvoren\u00e1 prv\u00e1 funk\u010dn\u00e1 garni\u017ea, v gotike sa pomocou z\u00e1vesov zdobili aj steny, renesancia zd\u00f4raz\u0148ovala pelmety. V baroku sa zas dbalo na ve\u013ekolepos\u0165, rokoko si ob\u013e\u00fabilo vesel\u00e9 kvetinov\u00e9 vzory a bohat\u00e9 riasenie, klasicizmus sa vr\u00e1til k striedmej antike a secesia bola obdob\u00edm zdobenia z\u00e1vesov bi\u017eut\u00e9riou. Nov\u00e9 materi\u00e1ly a nov\u00e9 funk\u010dn\u00e9 rie\u0161enia sa nakoniec objavuj\u00fa a\u017e v modernej dobe. V priebehu dej\u00edn z\u00edskala tieniaca technika aj nov\u00fd \u00fa\u010del \u2013 ochr\u00e1ni\u0165 s\u00fakromie majite\u013ea pred zvedav\u00fdmi o\u010dami susedov a verejnosti.<\/p>\n

Franc\u00fazsko dalo svetu \u017eal\u00fazie<\/strong><\/p>\n

Od text\u00edli\u00ed sa preto \u010dasom upustilo a objavili sa mark\u00edzy a okenice z dreva, ktor\u00e9 boli bu\u010f \u00faplne otvoren\u00e9, alebo zatvoren\u00e9, a pou\u017e\u00edvali sa len v noci. Nesk\u00f4r pri\u0161li okenice posuvn\u00e9, ktor\u00e9 u\u017e pon\u00fakali viac mo\u017enost\u00ed. V\u00fdznamn\u00fdm m\u00ed\u013enikom v hist\u00f3rii tieniacej techniky je v\u0161ak 18. storo\u010die, ke\u010f sa svet zozn\u00e1mil s dosia\u013e najd\u00f4myselnej\u0161\u00edm rie\u0161en\u00edm zatienenia okien. Predt\u00fdm, ako sa v roku 1812 objavili \u017eal\u00fazie s oto\u010dn\u00fdmi a polohovate\u013en\u00fdmi lamelami, ktor\u00e9 pozn\u00e1me a pou\u017e\u00edvame aj dnes, chr\u00e1nili okn\u00e1 mre\u017ee, ktor\u00e9 umo\u017e\u0148ovali iba poh\u013ead von, no naz\u00edzaniu dovn\u00fatra br\u00e1nili. Tie sa naz\u00fdvali jalousie, \u010do v slovenskom preklade znamen\u00e1 \u017eiarlivos\u0165. Pou\u017e\u00edvali ich toti\u017e hlavne \u017eiarliv\u00ed panovn\u00edci v orient\u00e1lnych h\u00e1remoch. Tento n\u00e1zov sa dochoval do dne\u0161ka. \u201eV polovici 19. storo\u010dia sa potom v Nemecku za\u010dali vyr\u00e1ba\u0165 dreven\u00e9 \u017eal\u00fazie s lamelami spojen\u00fdmi \u0161n\u00farkami a p\u00e1skami a tento princ\u00edp v\u00fdroby sa odvtedy nezmenil. V priebehu \u010fal\u0161\u00edch rokov si \u017eal\u00fazie z\u00edskali popularitu po celom svete, dostali horizont\u00e1lnu aj vertik\u00e1lnu podobu a okrem dreva sa vyr\u00e1bali aj z hlin\u00edka, bambusu alebo plastu,\u201c<\/em> pribli\u017euje Petr P\u0159ichystal<\/strong> zo spolo\u010dnosti Lomax<\/strong>, ktor\u00e1 sa zameriava na v\u00fdrobu a\u00a0in\u0161tal\u00e1ciu tieniacej techniky.<\/p>\n

Rolety vznikli za oce\u00e1nom<\/strong><\/p>\n

Zatia\u013e \u010do si eur\u00f3pske \u017eal\u00fazie \u017eili vlastn\u00fdm \u017eivotom a postupne nadob\u00fadali ob\u013eubu po celom svete, v rovnakom \u010dase, teda v 18. storo\u010d\u00ed, sa v Spojen\u00fdch \u0161t\u00e1toch americk\u00fdch objavila ich konkurencia. Ani popularita rolovacieho syst\u00e9mu, ke\u010f sa l\u00e1tka nav\u00edjala na hriade\u013e, nebola v\u0161ak zanedbate\u013en\u00e1. Manufakt\u00fary v Amerike u\u017e nest\u00edhali reagova\u0165 na dopyt, a preto sa v\u00fdroba roliet roz\u0161\u00edrila aj do Eur\u00f3py, ktor\u00e1 doteraz pou\u017e\u00edvala v\u00fdhradne \u017eal\u00fazie. \u201ePrv\u00e1 tov\u00e1re\u0148 na rolety u n\u00e1s vznikla okolo roku 1889. Rolety si ob\u013e\u00fabili v\u0161etky spolo\u010densk\u00e9 vrstvy, bolo ich preto mo\u017en\u00e9 zahliadnu\u0165 nielen v pansk\u00fdch domoch a\u00a0pal\u00e1coch, ale aj v chudobn\u00fdch \u0161tvrtiach. V\u00fdvoj roliet sa na chv\u00ed\u013eu zastavil po druhej svetovej vojne a\u00a0\u00e9re socializmu, ale v 90. rokoch sa ich vyu\u017eitie zase znova prebudilo,\u201c<\/em> dod\u00e1va Petr P\u0159ichystal.<\/p>\n

Tieniaca technika u\u0161etr\u00ed v\u00a0lete i\u00a0v\u00a0zime n\u00e1klady na energie<\/strong><\/p>\n

\u017dal\u00fazie a rolety s\u00fa aj dnes ob\u013e\u00faben\u00fdmi tieniacimi prvkami. Variabilita materi\u00e1lov, spracovania i vyu\u017eitia je zna\u010dne \u0161irok\u00e1. M\u00e1loktor\u00e1 dom\u00e1cnos\u0165 dnes tieniacu techniku nevyu\u017e\u00edva, naopak, patr\u00ed medzi \u0161tandardn\u00e9 vybavenie bytu \u010di domu. Hoci st\u00e1le sl\u00fa\u017ei hlavne proti prieniku slnka do interi\u00e9ru, na ochranu s\u00fakromia a na zabezpe\u010denie, modern\u00e1 doba dala \u017eal\u00fazi\u00e1m a rolet\u00e1m aj zna\u010dn\u00e9 tepeln\u00e9 vlastnosti, ktor\u00e9 ovplyv\u0148uj\u00fa energetick\u00fa bilanciu budovy. \u201eKvalitn\u00e1 tieniaca technika toti\u017e dnes obmedzuje \u00fanik tepla, v\u010faka \u010domu sa v zimn\u00fdch mesiacoch m\u00f4\u017eu zn\u00ed\u017ei\u0165 n\u00e1klady na vykurovanie a\u017e o\u00a010 %. V lete m\u00e1 exteri\u00e9rov\u00e1 tieniaca technika zase vplyv na zn\u00ed\u017eenie n\u00e1kladov pri klimatizovan\u00ed administrat\u00edvnych budov, rodinn\u00fdch domov \u010di bytov,\u201c uzatv\u00e1ra<\/em> Petr P\u0159ichystal.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

V\u00a0zime zais\u0165uje potrebn\u00e9 s\u00fakromie, pom\u00e1ha v\u0161ak aj lep\u0161ie izolova\u0165 pl\u00e1\u0161\u0165 domu. V\u00a0lete potom br\u00e1ni slne\u010dn\u00fdm l\u00fa\u010dom a\u00a0teplu, aby prenikli do interi\u00e9ru. Tieniaca technika v\u00a0podobe \u017eal\u00fazi\u00ed a\u00a0roliet nie je v\u00fddobytkom s\u00fa\u010dasnosti. \u013dudia sa sna\u017eili okn\u00e1 zatieni\u0165 pred slnkom u\u017e odprad\u00e1vna. \u010co pou\u017e\u00edvali star\u00ed Egyp\u0165ania? Pre\u010do sa \u017eal\u00fazie volaj\u00fa \u017eal\u00fazie? Nahliadnite s nami do hist\u00f3rie tieniacej techniky, Continue Reading… <\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[4,5],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-754","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-tema","category-tipy"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.dychame.sk\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/754","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.dychame.sk\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.dychame.sk\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.dychame.sk\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.dychame.sk\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=754"}],"version-history":[{"count":4,"href":"https:\/\/www.dychame.sk\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/754\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":761,"href":"https:\/\/www.dychame.sk\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/754\/revisions\/761"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.dychame.sk\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=754"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.dychame.sk\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=754"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.dychame.sk\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=754"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}