{"id":856,"date":"2021-08-19T07:39:00","date_gmt":"2021-08-19T07:39:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.dychame.sk\/?p=856"},"modified":"2021-09-02T07:40:15","modified_gmt":"2021-09-02T07:40:15","slug":"zelen-orientacia-budovy-vietor-ci-tieniaca-technika-ako-dosiahnut-pasivne-chladenie-domu","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.dychame.sk\/?p=856","title":{"rendered":"Zele\u0148, orient\u00e1cia budovy, vietor \u010di tieniaca technika \u2013 ako dosiahnu\u0165 pas\u00edvne chladenie domu?"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

Pas\u00edvne chladenie je pojem, s ktor\u00fdm sa v posledn\u00fdch rokoch mo\u017eno stretn\u00fa\u0165 predov\u0161etk\u00fdm pri \u00fasporn\u00fdch druhoch stavieb. Zah\u0155\u0148a r\u00f4zne rie\u0161enia, ktor\u00e9 teplotu v interi\u00e9ri zni\u017euj\u00fa alebo ju dok\u00e1\u017eu dr\u017ea\u0165 na ni\u017e\u0161\u00edch hodnot\u00e1ch aj po\u010das letn\u00fdch mesiacov. Pou\u017e\u00edvate\u013e v\u0161ak nemus\u00ed investova\u0165 do technol\u00f3gi\u00ed umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00facich akt\u00edvne pr\u00fadenie studen\u00e9ho vzduchu, naj\u010dastej\u0161ie klimatiz\u00e1ci\u00ed.<\/strong> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Orient\u00e1cia domu<\/strong> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Na prvky pas\u00edvneho chladenia sa oplat\u00ed myslie\u0165 u\u017e pri projektovej pr\u00edprave stavby. Ke\u010f dom stoj\u00ed, niektor\u00e9 aspekty je u\u017e ve\u013emi \u0165a\u017ek\u00e9 ovplyvni\u0165. Tak\u00fdm pr\u00edkladom je najm\u00e4 orient\u00e1cia stavby. Ak pou\u017e\u00edvate\u013e preferuje intenz\u00edvny a dlh\u00fd slne\u010dn\u00fd svit, vol\u00ed orient\u00e1ciu okien na ju\u017en\u00fa stranu. Z h\u013eadiska pas\u00edvneho chladenia sa preto odpor\u00fa\u010da orient\u00e1cia obytn\u00fdch priestorov na sever. Ak sa dom nach\u00e1dza napr\u00edklad na kopci, na ktor\u00fd z ju\u017enej strany svieti slnko a na severe sa nach\u00e1dza les, m\u00f4\u017ee by\u0165 teplotn\u00fd rozdiel na oboch stran\u00e1ch budovy markantn\u00fd.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

D\u00f4le\u017eit\u00fa \u00falohu hr\u00e1 aj takzvan\u00e1 pohltivos\u0165 tepla jednotliv\u00fdch \u010dast\u00ed pl\u00e1\u0161\u0165a budovy. M\u00f4\u017ee \u00eds\u0165 o pomerne jednoduch\u00e9 rie\u0161enie, ako s\u00fa svetl\u00e9 n\u00e1tery a fas\u00e1dy ide\u00e1lne bielej farby, ktor\u00e1 ve\u013ek\u00fa \u010das\u0165 tepla zo slnka odraz\u00ed. Z h\u013eadiska pas\u00edvneho chladenia v\u0161ak existuj\u00fa aj sofistikovanej\u0161ie varianty, napr\u00edklad zatr\u00e1vnen\u00e9 strechy. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Zele\u0148 a voda<\/strong> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Jedn\u00fdm z aspektov pas\u00edvneho tienenia, ktor\u00e9 mo\u017eno ovplyvni\u0165 len \u010diasto\u010dne, je zele\u0148 v bezprostrednom okol\u00ed stavby, najm\u00e4 stromy. Tie listnat\u00e9 maj\u00fa pod\u013ea odborn\u00fdch \u0161t\u00fadi\u00ed v lete priepustnos\u0165 15 \u2013 30 percent slne\u010dn\u00e9ho \u017eiarenia. Pohlten\u00e1 slne\u010dn\u00e1 energia sa pritom z \u010dasti vyu\u017e\u00edva na fotosynt\u00e9zu. E\u0161te v\u00fdznamnej\u0161ie je v\u0161ak odparovanie vody z\u202flistov, pr\u00e1ve pri tomto procese sa toti\u017e z\u00e1rove\u0148 ochladzuje aj okolit\u00fd vzduch.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201eAk sa v bl\u00edzkosti stavby nach\u00e1dza v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ie mno\u017estvo listnat\u00fdch stromov, m\u00f4\u017eu v\u010faka tomuto procesu aj po\u010das najteplej\u0161\u00edch dn\u00ed v roku zabezpe\u010di\u0165 pou\u017e\u00edvate\u013eom stavby ve\u013emi pr\u00edjemn\u00fa kl\u00edmu. Rolu tak nehr\u00e1  iba ich fyzick\u00e9 zatienenie. Tak\u00e9to prostredie okolo domu v\u0161ak nie je mo\u017en\u00e9 v\u017edy zaru\u010di\u0165, relat\u00edvne \u00fa\u010dinn\u00fdm variantom m\u00f4\u017eu by\u0165 aj fas\u00e1dy porasten\u00e9 rastlinami,\u201c <\/em>povedal Petr P\u0159ichystal<\/strong> zo spolo\u010dnosti Lomax, ktor\u00e1 sa zaober\u00e1 produkciou tieniacej techniky. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pozit\u00edvny vplyv stromov na chladenie domu a okolia potvrdzuj\u00fa aj odborn\u00e9 \u0161t\u00fadie. V kalifornskom Sacramente takto porovn\u00e1vali v 90. rokoch dve budovy. V bl\u00edzkosti jednej z budov sa nach\u00e1dzalo mno\u017estvo listnat\u00fdch stromov, spotreba energie na jej chladenie sa zn\u00ed\u017eila o 30 percent. Stromy toti\u017e sl\u00fa\u017eia aj ako prek\u00e1\u017eka pri pr\u00faden\u00ed tepl\u00e9ho vetra. Pozit\u00edvny vplyv maj\u00fa aj v\u202fzime, preto\u017ee po opadan\u00ed l\u00edstia sa zvy\u0161uje ich priepustnos\u0165, a tak v chladnom obdob\u00ed nie s\u00fa ve\u013ekou prek\u00e1\u017ekou pre priechod slne\u010dn\u00e9ho \u017eiarenia. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Z h\u013eadiska pas\u00edvneho chladenia je vhodn\u00e1 aj kombin\u00e1cia stromov a vodn\u00fdch pl\u00f4ch \u010di font\u00e1n, ke\u010f doch\u00e1dza k\u202fe\u0161te v\u00fdraznej\u0161iemu odparovaniu vody. V\u010faka tomu sa cite\u013en\u00e9 teplo premie\u0148a na viazan\u00e9 a teplota okolit\u00e9ho vzduchu kles\u00e1. Probl\u00e9m v\u0161ak predstavuje sucho posledn\u00fdch rokov, ktor\u00e9 sa pod\u013ea odborn\u00edkov premietne aj do tohto roku. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tieniaca technika<\/strong> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

K pas\u00edvnemu chladeniu m\u00f4\u017ee prispie\u0165 aj samotn\u00e9 vybavenie dom\u00e1cnosti. Jedn\u00fdm z naj\u00fa\u010dinnej\u0161\u00edch rie\u0161en\u00ed je v tomto smere exteri\u00e9rov\u00e1 tieniaca technika. \u201eNajm\u00e4 vonkaj\u0161ie \u017eal\u00fazie, ktor\u00e9 do interi\u00e9ru pustia svetlo, z\u00e1rove\u0148 zadr\u017eia a\u017e 94 percent tepelnej energie. Skl\u00e1 v okn\u00e1ch a n\u00e1sledne interi\u00e9r sa tak neprehrievaj\u00fa, naopak v \u0148om mo\u017eno zaisti\u0165 tepeln\u00fa pohodu aj v hor\u00facich letn\u00fdch mesiacoch,\u201c<\/em> uviedol Petr P\u0159ichystal.  <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Pod\u013ea neho pritom pr\u00e1ve vonkaj\u0161ia tieniaca technika umo\u017e\u0148uje pas\u00edvne chladi\u0165 dom\u00e1cnosti aj v takzvan\u00fdch tepeln\u00fdch ostrovoch \u2013 oblastiach s hust\u00fdm os\u00eddlen\u00edm a ve\u013ekou koncentr\u00e1ciou budov. Naj\u010dastej\u0161ie ide o centr\u00e1 miest, priemyseln\u00e9 z\u00f3ny \u010di s\u00eddlisk\u00e1, v ktor\u00fdch ve\u013ek\u00fa \u010das\u0165 slne\u010dn\u00e9ho \u017eiarenia pohltia strechy a stavebn\u00e9 kon\u0161trukcie. To sa premieta aj do vy\u0161\u0161ej teploty okolia stavieb. \u201eNapr\u00edklad na s\u00eddlisk\u00e1ch neb\u00fdva optim\u00e1lne mno\u017estvo stromov, teplotu najm\u00e4 na vy\u0161\u0161\u00edch poschodiach potom m\u00f4\u017ee ovplyv\u0148ova\u0165 aj rozp\u00e1len\u00e1 strecha \u010di fas\u00e1da. Pri orient\u00e1cii na ju\u017en\u00fa stranu tak m\u00f4\u017eu by\u0165 vonkaj\u0161ie \u017eal\u00fazie jedinou z\u00e1chranou,\u201c <\/em>doplnil P\u0159ichystal. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Chladenie vetrom<\/strong> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Jedn\u00fdm z variantov chladenia budovy a jej interi\u00e9ru predstavuje aj vietor. V\u00fdhody tohto bezn\u00e1kladov\u00e9ho rie\u0161enia sa sna\u017eia vyu\u017e\u00edva\u0165 najm\u00e4 v \u00e1zijsk\u00fdch krajin\u00e1ch bl\u00edzko rovn\u00edka, kde stavaj\u00fa prakticky otvoren\u00e9 budovy v takom smere, aby nimi mohol vietor prefukova\u0165 a pr\u00fadiaci vzduch ich ochladzova\u0165. Na podobnom princ\u00edpe funguj\u00fa aj stavby v pr\u00edmorsk\u00fdch letovisk\u00e1ch, ktor\u00e9 vyu\u017e\u00edvaj\u00fa chladnej\u0161\u00ed vietor van\u00faci od mora. Na\u0161e vn\u00fatrozemsk\u00e9 prostredie je v\u0161ak v tomto smere \u0161pecifick\u00e9 \u2013 oblast\u00ed, v ktor\u00fdch by sa dalo spo\u013eahn\u00fa\u0165 na pravideln\u00fd smer pr\u00fadenia vzduchu, je minimum. Z\u00e1rove\u0148 plat\u00ed, \u017ee ak sa chc\u00fa architekti  budov pusti\u0165 do tak\u00e9hoto prirodzen\u00e9ho vetrania, ke\u010f vzduch v\u010faka stavebnej kon\u0161trukcii pr\u00fadi do interi\u00e9ru neust\u00e1le, musia sa v zime vyrovna\u0165 s rizikom prievanu a ve\u013emi n\u00edzkych tepl\u00f4t. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ak m\u00e1 ma\u0165 budova tak\u00fd syst\u00e9m zabudovan\u00fd, treba na to myslie\u0165 u\u017e pri n\u00e1vrhu stavby. V tuzemsk\u00fdch podmienkach na tieto \u00fa\u010dely mo\u017eno vyu\u017ei\u0165 nielen okn\u00e1, pri ktor\u00fdch je najm\u00e4 v\u202fpr\u00edpade, \u017ee s\u00fa vetracie otvory ve\u013ek\u00e9, v\u00e4\u010d\u0161ie aj riziko vniknutia do objektu, ale aj \u0161peci\u00e1lne vetracie \u0161trbiny, pri ktor\u00fdch je mo\u017en\u00e9 prietok vzduchu nastavi\u0165 pod\u013ea potreby. Plat\u00ed pritom, \u017ee vetracie otvory by mali by\u0165 prepojen\u00e9 a\u202fmali by sa nach\u00e1dza\u0165 na oboch koncoch budovy, aby bolo mo\u017en\u00e9 prevetr\u00e1va\u0165 ju prie\u010dne. \u010eal\u0161\u00edm variantom z h\u013eadiska pas\u00edvneho chladenia m\u00f4\u017eu by\u0165 aj sol\u00e1rne kom\u00edny na strech\u00e1ch budov, ktor\u00e9 s\u00fa na konci odvetr\u00e1vac\u00edch \u0161\u00e1cht a ohrievaj\u00fa odv\u00e1dzan\u00fd vzduch. Ten tak v\u010faka vy\u0161\u0161ej teplote st\u00fapa nahor a postupne sa z budovy dost\u00e1va pre\u010d. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Pas\u00edvne chladenie je pojem, s ktor\u00fdm sa v posledn\u00fdch rokoch mo\u017eno stretn\u00fa\u0165 predov\u0161etk\u00fdm pri \u00fasporn\u00fdch druhoch stavieb. Zah\u0155\u0148a r\u00f4zne rie\u0161enia, ktor\u00e9 teplotu v interi\u00e9ri zni\u017euj\u00fa alebo ju dok\u00e1\u017eu dr\u017ea\u0165 na ni\u017e\u0161\u00edch hodnot\u00e1ch aj po\u010das letn\u00fdch mesiacov. Pou\u017e\u00edvate\u013e v\u0161ak nemus\u00ed investova\u0165 do technol\u00f3gi\u00ed umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00facich akt\u00edvne pr\u00fadenie studen\u00e9ho vzduchu, naj\u010dastej\u0161ie klimatiz\u00e1ci\u00ed.  Orient\u00e1cia domu  Na prvky pas\u00edvneho chladenia Continue Reading… <\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[1],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-856","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-cestovanie"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.dychame.sk\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/856","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.dychame.sk\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.dychame.sk\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.dychame.sk\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.dychame.sk\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=856"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.dychame.sk\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/856\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":857,"href":"https:\/\/www.dychame.sk\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/856\/revisions\/857"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.dychame.sk\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=856"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.dychame.sk\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=856"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.dychame.sk\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=856"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}